The letters stand for the ends of the lines. This pattern describes a four-line verse with ending rhymes as follows:
A
B
C
B
This means that the second and fourth lines rhyme but the other two don't. This nursery rhyme is an example of an ABCB scheme:
Mary had a little lamb,
Its fleece was white as snow,
And everywhere that Mary went
The lamb was sure to go.
A - lamb
B - snow
C - went
B - go
ABCB Rhyme Scheme is also called "Simple 4-Line"
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