What 3 major European countries explored?

The three major European countries that led exploration during the Age of Discovery were Spain, Portugal, and England. Spain, driven by the quest for gold and new territories, sponsored voyages by explorers like Christopher Columbus. Portugal, with its advanced navigational techniques, explored the African coast and reached India under leaders like Vasco da Gama. England, motivated by trade and colonization, established its presence in North America and India through explorers such as John Cabot and Sir Francis Drake.