What is Anomie strain theory?

Anomie strain theory, developed by sociologist Robert K. Merton, posits that societal structures can create pressure on individuals to achieve culturally accepted goals, such as success and wealth, without providing equal means to attain them. This disparity between societal goals and the available means can lead to feelings of normlessness or anomie, resulting in deviant behavior as individuals resort to alternative methods to achieve these goals. Merton identified five modes of individual adaptation to this strain: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion. Ultimately, the theory highlights how social inequality and breakdowns in social norms can contribute to criminal behavior.