Was the treaty of brest-litovsk vindictive?

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed in March 1918 between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, was seen by many as vindictive due to the harsh terms imposed on Russia. The treaty resulted in significant territorial losses for Russia, including areas like Ukraine, Belarus, and the Baltic states, effectively punishing the country for its withdrawal from World War I. While the Central Powers aimed to weaken Russia and secure their own territorial gains, the treaty's severity sparked considerable resentment and contributed to future conflicts in the region.