What two European nations were mainly responsible for colonizing Latin America?

The two European nations mainly responsible for colonizing Latin America were Spain and Portugal. Spain established vast colonies throughout much of Central and South America, while Portugal focused on Brazil. Their colonization efforts led to significant cultural, social, and economic changes in the region, including the spread of Christianity and the exploitation of indigenous populations. The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 helped to divide the newly discovered lands between the two powers.