How can experimental controls help minimize the effects of extraneous variables?

Experimental controls help minimize the effects of extraneous variables by establishing consistent conditions across all experimental groups, thereby isolating the variable being tested. By using controls such as randomization, blinding, and standardization, researchers can reduce bias and variability that could influence the results. This ensures that any observed effects can be more confidently attributed to the independent variable rather than to external factors. Ultimately, effective controls enhance the validity and reliability of the experiment's findings.