What influence the development of cartography?

The invention of an accurate clock. This enabled the people in the 1500's and on to determine the length of their position (degrees E or W). In order to be able to do so, one needs to know the exact time at a known position. Once they were able to do this, drawing a good map was possible. Refer to Umberto Eco's book called: L' Isola del giorno prima (Island of the first day), that explains it in layman's terms.

The sextant already enabled people to determine the breadth of their position (degrees N or S).