What series of medieval military expeditions by europeans to recover the holy land?

The series of medieval military expeditions by Europeans to recover the Holy Land are known as the Crusades. Initiated in the late 11th century, these campaigns aimed to reclaim Jerusalem and other territories from Muslim control. The most notable of these was the First Crusade (1096-1099), which successfully captured Jerusalem. Subsequent Crusades occurred over the following centuries, though many resulted in limited success and increased tensions between Christians and Muslims.