What are two notable ethnic conflicts on mineral-rich islands in Oceania?

Two notable ethnic conflicts on mineral-rich islands in Oceania include the Bougainville conflict in Papua New Guinea and the tensions in West Papua, Indonesia. The Bougainville conflict arose in the late 1980s over environmental destruction and revenue distribution from the Panguna copper mine, leading to a violent struggle for autonomy. In West Papua, indigenous people have resisted Indonesian control, fueled by grievances over resource exploitation, human rights abuses, and cultural suppression, leading to ongoing unrest and calls for independence.