What was the population in Biblical Palestine?

The population of Biblical Palestine during ancient times is difficult to determine precisely, but estimates suggest it ranged from several hundred thousand to possibly over a million people at its peak. The population included various groups such as Jews, Samaritans, and Gentiles, spread across cities like Jerusalem, Jericho, and Nazareth. This demographic composition fluctuated due to factors like conquests, trade, and agricultural productivity. Overall, the region was relatively densely populated for its time, especially in urban centers.