The Kulturkampf, or "culture struggle," was a campaign launched by the German Empire in the 1870s against the influence of the Catholic Church. While it achieved some short-term goals such as reducing the power of the Catholic Church in Germany and strengthening the position of the state, ultimately it did not succeed in eradicating Catholicism or unifying the country culturally. The Kulturkampf was largely seen as a failure in the long term.
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