Does xanthan gum hold foods together like gluten does?

No. Gluten is a sticky, elastic consistency. It allows for the trapping of air bubbles like in bread. Xanthan gum is sticky with itself but is not very elastic. It is mostly used for trapping liquid bubbles to form a gel, similar to jello. Xanthan gum may help things to stick together, but it is only by increasing the viscosity (thickness) of the mixture.

Note: Flour can also increase the viscosity of a liquid, but the starch is what is causing it.