Darius I ruled Persia through a combination of administrative reforms and military expansion. He reorganized the empire into provinces, or satrapies, each governed by a satrap to ensure efficient tax collection and local governance. Darius also established a standardized system of weights and measures, along with a unified currency, to facilitate trade and economic stability. His reign is marked by both infrastructural projects, such as the Royal Road, and efforts to maintain control over diverse cultures within the vast empire.
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