Pizarro was able to defeat the much larger forces of the Incas primarily due to superior military technology and strategic advantages. The Spanish had firearms, steel weapons, and cavalry, which were unfamiliar and intimidating to the Inca warriors. Additionally, Pizarro exploited internal divisions within the Inca Empire, capitalizing on existing conflicts and capturing key leaders like Atahualpa, which destabilized the Inca forces and morale.
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