What are two loopholes that exist in current campaign finance laws?

The limitations on donations to candidates are circumvented by the unlimited donations that can be collected by a Political Action Committee or PAC. A PAC can then spend that amount without limitation on support for that candidate, as long as the candidate is not seen to "coordinate" or direct that expenditure.


PACs are obliged to make a full disclosure of their donors and of the way in which they have spent the donations money. This was however later circumvented by a court ruling that this can only apply to that part of the expenditure made for "expressly advocating the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate".