The Bay of Pigs invasion failed primarily due to poor planning and lack of adequate support. The operation underestimated the strength of Fidel Castro's forces and overestimated the likelihood of popular support for the invasion among the Cuban people. Additionally, the U.S. government did not provide sufficient air cover, which left the invading forces vulnerable to counterattacks. These factors combined led to a swift defeat and embarrassment for the U.S. administration.
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