How does the elcb dectects the acess cuRRENT?

An Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) detects access current by monitoring the difference between the current flowing into a circuit and the current returning from it. If there is an imbalance, indicating that some current is leaking to the ground (which could be due to a fault or insulation failure), the ELCB quickly disconnects the circuit to prevent electric shock or fire hazards. This detection typically relies on a sensitive transformer that measures the current flow and triggers the mechanism when the leakage exceeds a predetermined threshold.