What type of logical access control method allows you to define who can access an object and type of access that they will have to that object?

That functionality is not available in generic C++, it is a function of the operating system and is therefore platform-specific. Even so, user-credentials cannot be used to determine who can access an object unless you employ some form of biometric security such as fingerprint identification, or a physical security system such as keycards. In the absence of these facilities, you would have to force the user to confirm their credentials every time the object was accessed. After all, the user who originally logged into the system is not necessarily the user currently using the system.