How is heat generated with ambipolar flow in welding?

In welding, ambipolar flow refers to the movement of charged particles, including electrons and ions, within a plasma created by the welding arc. As these charged particles move, they collide with neutral atoms and other particles, transferring energy and generating heat. This heat is concentrated in the weld zone, raising the temperature sufficiently to melt the base materials and the filler material, allowing for the formation of a strong bond upon solidification. The efficiency of heat generation is influenced by factors such as the arc characteristics and the properties of the materials being welded.