What groups of people did Saddam Hussein persecute?

Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq persecuted several groups, most notably the Kurdish population in the north, who faced brutal military campaigns and chemical attacks, particularly during the Anfal campaign in the late 1980s. The Shiite Muslim majority also suffered severe repression, especially following the 1991 Gulf War, when uprisings were violently crushed. Additionally, political opponents, including secular and leftist groups, were targeted, along with religious minorities such as Christians and Yazidis. These actions contributed to widespread human rights abuses and a legacy of fear and oppression in Iraq.