Definition of an independent tour operator?

An independent tour operator is an individual or company that works by themselves as tour operators. They are not owned by another company like a franchise or chain. They organise their own tours directly.
Gray Line, Apple Vacations, Trafalgar, Brian Moore, and Contiki are examples of major tour operators. These companies hire Tour Escorts to travel with the group as a group manager. Independent tour operators are Tour Escorts that develop and promote their own tours.