What is band width and quality factor?

Bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies over which a system, such as a filter or oscillator, can effectively operate or transmit signals. It is typically measured in hertz (Hz) and indicates the difference between the upper and lower frequency limits. The quality factor, or Q factor, is a dimensionless parameter that describes the sharpness of the resonance of a system; a higher Q indicates a narrower bandwidth and greater energy storage relative to energy loss. Together, bandwidth and quality factor characterize the frequency response and performance of resonant systems.