Which was an idea used to dispute the theory of plate technonics?

One of the ideas that was used to dispute the theory of plate tectonics was the concept of "fixism" or "fixist theory." Fixism proposed that the positions of continents and landforms on Earth were permanent and unchanging. According to fixism, the continents were believed to be stationary, and there was no mechanism for their movement or shifting.

Fixism was prevalent in the early 20th century and before, with many geologists and scientists rejecting the idea of continental drift, which eventually led to the development of plate tectonics theory. However, as more evidence accumulated, particularly in the mid-20th century, supporting the movement of continents and the presence of large-scale tectonic plates, the theory of fixism was gradually abandoned in favor of the more widely accepted theory of plate tectonics.