What events marked the end of the Middle Ages?

There is no one single event that marks the end of the middle ages, but there are many events and movements, cultural, religious, economic, and political, that mark the end and the start toward modern times. In general, these events center broadly around the year 1500.

In 1453 Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks. This was the start of Ottoman advance into southeast Europe. It also displace many Greek scholars, some of which ended up in Italy and stimulated the Italian Renaissance, which challenged many of Europe's scientific and cultural ideas.

In 1519 the protestant reformation started, ending the hegemony of the Catholic church over religious life in Europe.

Economically, patterns of farming and land holding changed with the enclosure movement, resulting in the degradation of the old manor system and open field farming.

Monarchs started to consolidate their power at this point, converting the old feudal structure to the starts of centralized monarchies.

1492 marked Columbus's first journey to the new world, as the Age of Discovery and contact with the new world began. Europe began the process of interacting with the wider world on a much wider scale. The seeds of overseas empire were planted.

Printing developed in the middle of the 15th century greatly expanded the availability of books and starting an increase in literacy, which helped fuel cultural changes and advances in the the sciences and humanities.

All of these events and others marked the end of the middle ages.