What was the permanent tax of King Louis XI?

King Louis XI of France established a permanent tax known as the "taille," which was a direct tax primarily levied on the peasantry and non-noble classes. This tax system was formalized in the late 15th century and aimed to provide the French monarchy with a steady source of revenue. By making the taille a permanent fixture, Louis XI strengthened royal finances, enhancing the power and stability of the central government. The tax was significant in reducing the reliance on feudal dues and increasing the state's financial independence.