What is it when all the ingredients are combined and the dough is kneaded and set aside to rise?

When all the ingredients are combined and the dough is kneaded and set aside to rise, it is referred to as the "proofing" or "fermentation" stage in bread-making. During this process, yeast ferments the sugars in the dough, producing carbon dioxide, which causes the dough to expand and rise. This step is crucial for developing the dough's texture and flavor. After proofing, the dough is usually shaped and allowed to rise again before baking.