How do you do surgery one l5 s1?

Surgery at the L5-S1 level typically involves a procedure known as lumbar discectomy or spinal fusion, depending on the patient's condition. The surgeon makes an incision in the lower back, accesses the spine, and may remove herniated disc material or stabilize the vertebrae with bone grafts and instrumentation. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia, and imaging techniques like fluoroscopy or MRI guide the surgery. Post-operative care includes pain management and physical therapy to aid recovery.