How are scienintist able to date back earths age?

Scientists estimate Earth's age primarily through radiometric dating, which measures the decay of radioactive isotopes in rocks and minerals. By analyzing the ratiOS of parent and daughter elements, particularly in the oldest terrestrial rocks and meteorites, they can determine the time that has elapsed since the rock formed. The most commonly used isotopes for this purpose include uranium-lead and potassium-argon. This method has led to the conclusion that Earth is approximately 4.54 billion years old.