Modernism was a response to which historical event?

Modernism emerged as a response to the profound changes brought about by the industrial revolution and the upheaval of World War I. The disillusionment and trauma resulting from the war, along with rapid urbanization, technological advancements, and shifts in social norms, prompted artists and writers to reject traditional forms and explore new ways of expression. This movement sought to capture the complexities of modern life and individual experience in a rapidly changing world.