What gave the supreme court the responsibility to rule on legislative and executive actions?

The Supreme Court's responsibility to rule on legislative and executive actions stems from the principle of judicial review, established in the landmark case Marbury v. Madison (1803). This case affirmed the Court's authority to interpret the Constitution and invalidate laws or actions that conflict with it. The Constitution, particularly Article III, grants the judiciary the power to resolve disputes arising under federal law, thereby positioning the Supreme Court as a check on the other branches of government. This ensures a balance of power and upholds the rule of law.