How does the soil change from sand dunes to the maritime forest?

As one moves from sand dunes to a maritime forest, the soil undergoes significant changes in texture, structure, and nutrient content. Sand dunes typically consist of loose, well-drained sandy soil with low organic matter, while the maritime forest features more fertile, loamy soil enriched with organic materials from decaying plant matter. Additionally, the presence of vegetation in the forest helps retain moisture and supports a diverse microbiome, further enhancing soil health and stability compared to the more barren dune environment. This transition reflects the increasing complexity of ecosystems as they move from harsh, exposed conditions to more sheltered, nutrient-rich habitats.