How did European nations extend their power in some Muslim regions Of the world?

European nations extended their power in some Muslim regions through a combination of military conquest, economic exploitation, and political manipulation. Colonial powers often used superior military technology to defeat local forces and establish control. They also implemented systems of indirect rule, co-opting local elites to maintain order while extracting resources. Additionally, European powers promoted cultural superiority narratives, justifying their dominance and often leading to significant social and political upheaval in the affected regions.