In 1077, at Canossa, King Henry IV of Germany sought forgiveness from Pope Gregory VII during the Investiture Controversy. After being excommunicated, he famously stood barefoot in the snow for three days, seeking absolution and reconciliation with the Pope. This event symbolized the struggle between the monarchy and the papacy over the appointment of church officials. Ultimately, Henry's penance led to his reinstatement, but the conflict between church and state continued to escalate.
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