The Union Army, the land force of the United States during the Civil War, was primarily composed of soldiers from Northern states and was established to preserve the Union and end slavery. It grew significantly from about 16,000 troops at the war's onset to over a million by its conclusion, utilizing a range of diverse units, including infantry, cavalry, and artillery. Notable commanders included Ulysses S. Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman, and the army played a crucial role in major battles such as Gettysburg and Antietam. The Union Army's efforts ultimately led to the defeat of the Confederacy and the preservation of the United States.
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