Why might Afghanistan known as the graveyard of empires?

Afghanistan is often referred to as the "graveyard of empires" due to its history of successfully resisting invasions by powerful foreign nations, including the British Empire, the Soviet Union, and more recently, the United States. Its rugged terrain, complex tribal dynamics, and deep-rooted nationalism have made it exceptionally challenging for external forces to maintain control or achieve their objectives. The prolonged conflicts have led to significant losses for these empires, both in terms of military personnel and resources, reinforcing the notion of Afghanistan as a place where imperial ambitions falter.