Its not an exact thing like with circle radius, but basically add together all the numbers and make a fraction like if there are 3 yellow balls, 3 green ones and 5 blue ones in a bag, then you add 3+3+5 = 11, and then you figure out that the probability of picking a blue ball out of the bag is 5/11.
Probability is the ratio of all outcomes that you define as being of interest divided by all possible outcomes.
For example, the number of ways to get doubles on 2 6-sided dice is 6 (1,1 2,2, 3,3 4,4 5,5 6,6) but there are 36 different ways for the dice to turn up so the probability of getting doubles on a single roll is 6/36 = 1/6
Likewise there are 6 ways to roll a 7 (1,6 2,5 3,4 4,3 5,2 6,1) so the odds of rolling a seven on a single roll are 6/36 = 1/6
The math gets more involved as you start looking at situations where the odds of getting any one of the particular outcomes are not the same - for example, with loaded dice - or where you are looking at a sequence of events.
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