What are resources and how many types of resources are there and define them?

A resource is what you have to work with. They can be your personal resources, or the resources of a group, a political entity, or the entire planet.

A good example of what resources mean is shown in the movie Apollo 13. The crew had to adapt the air filters using only the materials they had in the space capsule. These were their physical resources. But they also had access to the ingenuity of people on earth working on their problem. Someone else's expertise can also be a resource. Time was also a resource which they had in only a limited amount.