What causes extreme heat in the atmosphere?

Extreme heat in the atmosphere is primarily caused by a combination of factors, including increased greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and urbanization, which trap heat. Natural phenomena like El Niño can also contribute by altering weather patterns. Additionally, changes in land use and climate variability can amplify temperature extremes. Collectively, these elements disrupt the balance of the Earth's climate system, leading to more frequent and intense heat events.