Your fire extinguisher must be Coast Guard approved
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How many and what type depends on the type of boat.
Look at Federal Requirements for Recreational Boats
Here's a summary of requirements for vessel type
All motor vessels are required to have a Type B fire extinguisher(s) on board if one or more of the following conditions exist:
So essentially if you have an inboard engine or permanent fuel tanks or enclosed compartments (for any size boat) you need at least one fire extinguisher. See the brochure at the link below. If the boat is 26 feet or over, you may need two or more.
Similarly, if your boat has an outboard motor and meets any of the other requirements in the list above, it too must have at least one B-1 fire extinguisher.
Each state may have additional requirements that may be more strict. Check with your state Boating law administrator.
Boats with outboards less than 26' and without permanent fuel tanks do not require fire extinguishers (unless they carry paying passengers).
Boats 26 - 40' require two B-I type portable extinguishers or one B-II type.
Boats 40 - 65' require at least three B-I type or one B-I type plus one B-II type portable extinguishers.
To clarify the requirements on Class A or Class 1 outboards:
What this means is simply if you have compartments or lockers on your boat, even though it is under 26 feet and has portable fuel tanks mounted in the open, you still must have a fire extinguisher. The only exceptions are completely open boats with no compartments or lockers, and no decks. Live bait wells are not considered compartments or lockers. But if you have a splash well for the outboard, and the tanks are under the splash well, and there is some sort of curtain, a hatch or door closing off the area under the splash well, then that is a compartment and you need a fire extinguisher.
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