How many yards can a small shot travel on a gun?

Assuming that you are referring to birdshot fired from a shotgun, there are several variable factors. The greatest factor will be the shot size- the larger the pellet, the further it will travel. #6 birdshot, when fired at about a 45 degree angle above the horizontal will travel ABOUT 300 yards. Please note that it is not harmful at that range, and that is NOT the effective range for hunting.