What is atherosclerosis and how is it related to LDL and HDL?

Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances in the arterial walls, leading to narrowed and hardened arteries. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because high levels can contribute to plaque formation in the arteries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered "good" cholesterol, as it helps transport cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver for removal, thereby playing a protective role against atherosclerosis. Maintaining a healthy balance between LDL and HDL levels is crucial for cardiovascular health.