How does electronic toll collection work and what are the key components involved in the process?

Electronic toll collection works by using technology to automatically collect tolls from vehicles as they pass through toll booths or designated areas. The key components involved in the process include a transponder or electronic tag installed in the vehicle, a toll gantry equipped with sensors and cameras to detect the tag, and a back-end system that processes the toll payment. When a vehicle with a transponder passes through the toll gantry, the sensors read the tag and the toll amount is deducted from the driver's account. This system allows for faster and more efficient toll collection compared to traditional cash payments.