How does exercise over time increase hypertrophy?

Exercise over time increases hypertrophy primarily through mechanical tension, metabolic stress, and muscle damage. When muscles are subjected to resistance training, they experience micro-tears, which trigger repair processes that lead to an increase in muscle fiber size. Additionally, consistent training enhances muscle's ability to handle heavier loads and improves neuromuscular efficiency, further promoting growth. Over time, these adaptations culminate in increased muscle mass and strength.