The distribution of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters is closely associated with major mountain belts, particularly those formed by tectonic plate boundaries. Most active volcanoes are found along convergent boundaries, where an oceanic plate subducts beneath a continental plate, leading to volcanic arcs. Earthquakes frequently occur in these regions due to the intense tectonic activity. Additionally, transform boundaries, where plates slide past each other, also generate significant seismic activity, often coinciding with mountain ranges.
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