During the time of Johann Sebastian Bach, orchestras were much smaller compared to modern orchestras. They typically consisted of around 20-30 musicians, with instruments such as strings (violins, violas, cellos, double basses), woodwinds (flutes, oboes, bassoons), brass (trumpets, horns), and occasionally a harpsichord or organ. The orchestras were often led by the concertmaster or the harpsichordist, and the music was primarily written for these smaller ensembles.
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