What most distinguishes northern European Baroque painting from Italian Baroque painting?

Northern European Baroque painting is primarily characterized by its emphasis on realism, attention to detail, and genre scenes, often depicting everyday life and domestic interiors. In contrast, Italian Baroque painting focuses more on grandeur, dramatic lighting, and religious themes, showcasing emotional intensity and dynamic compositions. Additionally, Northern artists like Rembrandt and Vermeer often utilized a more subdued color palette and subtle textures, whereas their Italian counterparts, such as Caravaggio and Rubens, employed vibrant colors and bold contrasts to evoke strong emotions and theatricality.