What is the defference of positivist and classical theory?

Positivist theory focuses on observable phenomena and empirical evidence, emphasizing scientific methods to study social behavior and rejecting metaphysical or subjective interpretations. In contrast, classical theory, particularly in criminology, is rooted in Enlightenment ideas that highlight rational choice, free will, and the notion that individuals weigh costs and benefits before engaging in criminal behavior. While positivism seeks to identify patterns through data and experimentation, classical theory centers on moral and ethical considerations of human decision-making.