What is the difference between direct and indirect methods of flood control?

Direct methods of flood control involve proactive measures to manage water flow, such as constructing levees, dams, and floodwalls to contain or redirect floodwaters. Indirect methods focus on land-use planning, such as zoning regulations, vegetation management, and wetland restoration, to reduce flood risks and enhance natural absorption. While direct methods provide immediate protection, indirect methods aim to mitigate future flooding impacts through sustainable practices. Both approaches can be used in combination for effective flood management.