What processes are part of the carbon cycle apex?

The carbon cycle apex includes several key processes: photosynthesis, where plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and convert it into organic matter; respiration, where organisms release CO2 back into the atmosphere as they break down organic matter for energy; decomposition, which returns carbon from dead organisms to the soil and atmosphere; and combustion, where fossil fuels are burned, releasing stored carbon as CO2. Additionally, carbon is exchanged between land, oceans, and the atmosphere through diffusion and oceanic absorption. Together, these processes maintain the balance of carbon in the environment.