Why did the feudal system end?

The feudal system declined due to several interconnected factors, including the rise of centralized monarchies, which diminished the power of local lords. The growth of trade and urbanization led to the emergence of a middle class that sought more freedom and economic opportunities outside the feudal hierarchy. Additionally, events like the Black Death reduced the population, resulting in labor shortages that empowered peasants to demand better conditions. Together, these changes weakened the feudal structure and paved the way for modern nation-states.